226 320
Table 1 (
Continued
)
Study ID, design, country,
recruitment period
Intervention
N
FU (mo),
mean SD,
median
[range]
Age (yr),
mean SD,
median [range]
Gender
M/F
BMI (kg/m
2
),
mean SD,
median
[range]
Inclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria
Stone size
in mm or mm
2
,
mean SD
[range + IQR]
Stone location
in UC, MC,
LC, P or UPJ if
available
Stone
laterality
R/L
Outcomes measured
Desai 2013, case series, India,
recruitment period NR,
abstract
[30]
umPNL 12 Fr
74 1
NR
4 (5%) pediatric cases
NR NR
umPNL
NR
16.6 mm
NR
NR
Benefits: SFR
Harms: CG, BL,
Secondary outcomes:
DHS
Other outcomes: conversion to
mPNL due to bleeding
Desai 2013, case series, India,
recruitment period NR
[8]
umPNL 13 Fr
62 1
NR
4 (7%) pediatric cases
NR NR
2 (3%) obese
Renal stones
umPNL
NR
16.8 mm
NR
NR
Benefits: SFR
Harms: CG, BL,
Secondary outcomes:
DHS
Other outcomes: conversion to
mPNL due to bleeding
Desai 2013, case series,
China, 2012
[20]
umPNL 11–13 Fr
36 1
48.2 15.7 [2–79]
No. pediatric cases NR
23 / 1324.63
[18.1–33.2]
Renal stone
<
20 mm
NR
14.9 4.1 [6–20] mm
Area:
160.6 82.7 [30–380] mm
2
7 (19%) UC
8 (22%) MC
10 (28%) LC
3 (7%) Multiple C
5 (14%) P
3 (8%) UUr
21 / 15 Benefits: ISFR, SFR,
Harms: CG, BL, US
Secondary outcomes: DP, SP,
DHS
Other outcomes:
Puncture locations
Abdelhafez 2013, case series,
Germany, 2007–2011
[18]mPNL 18 Fr
Stone size
<
20 mm
Stone size 20 mm
98
93
1
1
49.6 15.9
48.8 17.6
NR
NR
25.8 5.2
26.5 5.9
Consecutive patients with
stones
>
15 mm or lower calyx
stones
>
8 mm, or any
previously failed SWL and URS
NR
13.6 3.4 mm
37.5 22.9 mm
NR
NR
Benefits: ISFR, SFR,
Harms: CG, BL, BT
Secondary outcomes: DP, SP,
DHS
Zimmermans 2012, case series,
recruitment period NR,
Germany, abstract
[33]
mPNL, 18 Fr
All patients, all stone sizes
Stones 500 mm
2
652
183
NR
54.1 15.7
NR NR
mPNL
Access not possible
410 mm
2
950 mm
2
NR
NR
Benefits: ISFR
Harms: CG, BL, BT, VI
Secondary outcomes: DP, SP
Lu 2012, case series, China,
2009–2010
[23]Tubeless mPNL
Standard mPNL
(with 16 Fr nephrostomy tube)
16
16
0.5
43.81 18.89
46 22.37
6/10
7/9
NR
Pelvic stone
<
40 mm Urinary tract obstruction
(BPH, UPJ stenosis), UTI,
Coagulopathies
32.9 6.2 mm
31.1 6.2 mm
NR
NR
NR
Benefits: ISFR
Harms: CG, BL,
Secondary outcomes: DHS, DP,
pain
Sung 2006, case series, Korea,
1999–2002
[25]mPNL 14 Fr
72 7.2 8.3
[0.5–37]
49.5 14.7 [1.4–73] 45/27 NR
Failed SWL and/or URS
(
n
= 19), large stone burden
(
>
600 mm
2
) (n = 25), P and/or
LC stones, (
n
= 62), UC stones
(
n
= 2), calyceal diverticulum
stone (
n
= 1)
1 pediatric case
31/72 patients had
>
2
indications
NR
34.2 19.9 [6–102] mm 62 (86%) P and/or LC
2 (2%) UC
1 (1%) calyceal
diverticulum
31/41 Benefits: ISFR, SFR
Harms: fever, BL
Secondary outcomes: SP, DHS
AP = adjunctive procedure; BL = blood loss; BT = blood transfusion; C = calyx; CG = Clavien grade; CIRFR = clinically insignificant residual fragment rate; DB = database; DHS = duration of hospital stay; DP = duration of
procedure; EDV = emergency department visit; FU = follow-up (here meaning time point for delayed assessment of stone status, if applicable); HR = hospital readmission; ISFR = immediate SFR; ICIRFR = immediate CIRFR;
LC = lower calyceal; MC = middle calyceal; mPNL = mini-PNL; NR = not reported; P = pelvis; PNL = percutaneous nephrolithectomy; QOL = quality of life; RCT = randomized controlled trial; SFR = stone-free rate;
SP = secondary procedure; UC = upper calycal; umPNL = ultra-mini-PNL; UPJ = ureteropelvic junction; URS = ureteroscopy; US = urosepsis; UUr = upper ureteral; VI = visceral injury.
E U R O P E A N U R O L O G Y 7 2 ( 2 0 1 7 ) 2 2 0 – 2 3 5
226