167 320
[17]
Brock G, Brock G, Heiselman D, et al. Effect of testosterone solution 2% on testosterone concentration, sex drive and energy in hypogo- nadal men: results of a placebo controlled study. J Urol 2016;195: 699–705.[18]
Snyder PJ, Ellenberg SS, Farrar JT. Testosterone treatment in older men. N Engl J Med 2016;375:90.
[19]
Hackett G, Cole N, Saghir A, Jones P, Strange RC, Ramachandran S. Testosterone undecanoate improves sexual function in men with type 2 diabetes and severe hypogonadism: results from a 30-week randomized placebo-controlled study. BJU Int 2016;118:804–13.
[20]
Yassin D-J, El Douaihy Y, Yassin AA, Kashanian J, Shabsigh R, Hammerer PG. Lower urinary tract symptoms improve with tes- tosterone replacement therapy in men with late-onset hypogonad- ism: 5-year prospective, observational and longitudinal registry study. World J Urol 2014;32:1049–54.
[21]
Khera M, Crawford D, Morales A, Salonia A, Morgentaler A. A new era of testosterone and prostate cancer: from physiology to clinical implications. Eur Urol 2014;65:115–23.[22]
Sofikitis N, Ono K, Yamamoto Y, Papadopoulos H, Miyagawa I. Influence of the male reproductive tract on the reproductive potential of round spermatids abnormally released from the semi- niferous epithelium. Hum Reprod 1999;14:1998–2006.[23]
Liu PY, Swerdloff RS, Christenson PD, Handelsman DJ, Wang C. Rate, extent, and modifiers of spermatogenic recovery after hormonal male contraception: an integrated analysis. Lancet 2006;367: 1412–20.[24]
Corona G, Maseroli E, Rastrelli G, et al. Cardiovascular risk associ- ated with testosterone-boosting medications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2014;13:1327–51.[25] US Food and Drug Administration. FDA drug safety communication:
FDA cautions about using testosterone products for low testoster-
one due to aging; requires labeling change to inform of possible
increased risk of heart attack and stroke with use.
http://www.fda. gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm436259.htm.
[26] European Medicines Agency. PRAC review does not confirm increase
in heart problems with testosterone medicines. EMA/611318/2014.
www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Referrals_ document/Testosterone_31/Recommendation_provided_by_ Pharmacovigilance_Risk_ Assessment_Committee/WC500175213. pdf.
E U R O P E A N U R O L O G Y 7 2 ( 2 0 1 7 ) 1 6 4 – 1 6 7
167