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192

Comprehensive Profiling of the Androgen Receptor in Liquid Biopsies from Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Reveals Novel Intra-AR Structural Variation and Splice Variant Expression Patterns

B. De Laere, P.-J. van Dam, T. Whitington, M. Mayrhofer, E.H. Diaz, G. Van den Eynden,

J. Vandebroek, J. Del-Favero, S. Van Laere, L. Dirix, H. Grönberg, J. Lindberg

Structural variation is prevalent in the androgen receptor (AR), suggesting a

connection to the expression of splice variants. Comprehensive AR profiling, which is

possible to perform on liquid biopsies, is necessary to reveal the complexity of the

AR signalling processes underpinning resistance to endocrine treatment.

201

Investigating Genomic Aberrations of the Androgen Receptor: Moving Closer to More Precise Prostate Cancer Care?

J. Mateo, A. Sharp, J.S. de Bono

205

Minimally Invasive, Laparoscopic, and Robotic-assisted Techniques Versus Open Techniques for Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review

S. Wagenaar, J.H. Nederhoed, A.W.J. Hoksbergen, H.J. Bonjer, W. Wisselink, G.H. van Ramshorst

The general level of evidence of articles included in this systematic review was low.

Minimally invasive techniques showed promising results with regard to

complications and recovery. For open surgery, the smallest possible Gibson incision

appeared to yield favorable results.

218

Is Robotic Kidney Transplant the Near Future?

A. Alcaraz, L. Peri, L. Izquierdo, M. Musquera

220

Tract Sizes in Miniaturized Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Systematic Review from the European Association of Urology Urolithiasis Guidelines Panel

Y. Ruhayel, A. Tepeler, S. Dabestani, S. MacLennan, A. Petrˇík, K. Sarica, C. Seitz, A. Skolarikos,

M. Straub, C. Türk, Y. Yuan, T. Knoll

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) using smaller tract sizes (<22 Fr, mini-PNL) for

removal of renal calculi appears to be as efficacious and safe as standard PNL.

However, the studies are heterogeneous and generally small, so well-designed and

sufficiently powered randomized controlled trials are warranted.

236

Miniaturized Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Decade of Paradigm Shift in Percutaneous Renal Access

M.R. Desai, A.P. Ganpule

238

Low-risk Prostate Cancer: Identification, Management, and Outcomes

M. Moschini, P.R. Carroll, S.E. Eggener, J.I. Epstein, M. Graefen, R. Montironi, C. Parker

The incidence of low-risk prostate cancer has increased in recent years; however,

only a few patients die from the disease while no survival benefit has been shown

with local treatment. Biomarkers and imaging may help to identify patients with

clinically significant disease.

250

What Is the Negative Predictive Value of Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Excluding Prostate Cancer at Biopsy? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis from the European Association of Urology Prostate Cancer Guidelines Panel

P.C. Moldovan, T. Van den Broeck, R. Sylvester, L. Marconi, J. Bellmunt, R.C.N. van den Bergh,

M. Bolla, E. Briers, M.G. Cumberbatch, N. Fossati, T. Gross, A.M. Henry, S. Joniau,

T.H. van der Kwast, V.B. Matveev, H.G. van der Poel, M. De Santis, I.G. Schoots, T. Wiegel,

C.Y. Yuan, P. Cornford, N. Mottet, T.B. Lam, O. Rouvière

Prostate cancer prevalence was highly variable among patients referred to

prebiopsy multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI). As the negative

predictive value depends on the prevalence, patients submitted to mpMRI must be

reliably risk stratified before defining who may omit prostate biopsy when mpMRI is

negative.

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Renal Disease

Stone Disease

Review

Prostate Cancer

Guidelines